Kleine-Levin Syndrome (KLS) is a central disorder of hypersomnolence that can cause periods of severe sleepiness, which may last for days or even weeks. During these episodes, it is not unusual for an individual to be asleep for up to sixteen or eighteen hours per day. This has resulted in the condition being commonly known as “Sleeping Beauty Syndrome” and alternate names include recurrent hypersomnia or periodic hypersomnolence. Despite having long bouts of sleep, people with KLS typically wake only to eat and use the bathroom, then return to sleep. These spells may occur sporadically throughout the year, appearing once every few weeks or months, occurring up to ten times annually.
In addition to drowsiness, sufferers of this condition may demonstrate a wide range of atypical behaviors such as over-eating, aggression and other mental health issues. These episodic episodes can be very debilitating and have an adverse effect on quality of life. It’s noteworthy that, in between episodes, your sleep pattern and general behavior appear entirely normal.
Severe exhaustion may suggest other sleep disorders. It is a common symptom of both sleep apnea and narcolepsy, typically occurring on a daily basis rather than sporadically.
KLS is not due to anything else which disrupts your regular sleep schedule. It isn't a symptom of a sleep disorder to have an all-day nap post-operatively. Perhaps you stayed up all night caring for an ill youngster, leading to an extended slumber - that's not to be interpreted as an affliction either.
What are the Symptoms?
Illness symptoms are usually evident prior to the initial occurrence. People might experience a headache that can last a few hours, and they may also become fatigued. Additionally, they have been known to display flushed skin and perspiration during an episode. It is not uncommon for individuals to gain a little weight too. Ultimately, KLS definitely has an adverse effect on your occupation and personal interactions.
Patients show odd behavior during the sleep attacks. This includes:
- Unrestrained “binge” eating
- Hypersexuality – excessive sexual desire and activity
- Irritability
- Aggression
- Feelings of unreality
- Confusion
- Hallucinations
Menstrual-related hypersomnia, a subtype of Kleine-Levin Syndrome, is characterised by sleep attacks that occur concurrently with the menstrual cycle. This typically starts in the months following the first period and usually ends just as quickly as it started - usually within one week. It is believed this phenomenon is due to a hormonal imbalance.